Smoking and alcohol consumption with the risk of 11 common otolaryngological diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization.

PURPOSE: In this study, a bidirectional mendelian randomization was applied to evaluate the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with 11 otolaryngological diseases. METHODS: A total of 85,22,34 and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables for smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, alcoholic drinks per week and alcohol consumption, respectively. Genetic associations with 11 common otolaryngological diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank and FinnGen dataset. IVW, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out method were used in this analysis. RESULTS: Smoking initiation increased the risk of vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001-1.004; P = 4 × 10-4), head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.027), thyroid cancer (OR 1.538; 95% CI 1.006-2.351; P = 0.047) and sleep apnoea (OR 1.286; 95% CI 1.099-1.506; P = 0.002). Cigarettes per day was associated with chronic sinusitis (OR 1.152; 95% CI 1.002-1.324; P = 0.046), chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis (OR 1.200; 95% CI 1.033-1.393; P = 0.017), vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.002; P = 0.021) and head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.017). Alcoholic drinks per week only was significantly associated with the risk of head and neck cancer (OR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001-1.006; P = 0.014). However, there was no evidence to support that genetically predicted alcohol consumption increased the risk of otolaryngological diseases. Reverse MR also did not find outcomes effect on exposures. CONCLUSION: This study shows that smoking and heavy alcohol consumption promote the occurrence of some otolaryngological diseases indicating that lifestyle modification might be beneficial in preventing otolaryngological diseases.

Otolaryngologic manifestations of Mpox: the Atlanta outbreak.

BACKGROUND: In 2022, Mpox (MPX) has become clinically relevant as otolaryngologists are evaluating this exotic disease process due to its many otolaryngologic manifestations. AIMS/OBJECTIVE: To characterize our cohort of otolaryngology-relevant MPX confirmed cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive case series was performed via retrospective review. Adult patients who underwent inpatient or emergency department otolaryngology consultation at an Emory University-affiliated tertiary care level hospital for MPX were included. RESULTS: Seven patients (age 18-58 years; median 32 years) were identified. All patients were male. Six patients (86%) were black and six patients (86%) were HIV positive with varied immunocompetence. Otolaryngology was consulted for lymphadenopathy (n = 2), pharyngeal involvement (n = 1), and airway evaluation (n = 4). All 6 patients with active MPX developed the classic rash, which developed after oropharyngeal symptoms in 3 patients. Three patients had laryngeal involvement. CONCLUSION: MPX manifests with symptoms requiring otolaryngology expertise, especially when the airway is involved. Infectious disease consultation is key. Mpox can be identified with a specific constellation of demographic identifiers and physical exam findings, which is key to determining appropriate treatment and protection for the consulting otolaryngologist. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first otolaryngologic study of Mpox and first description of Mpox laryngeal involvement.

Otolaryngologic Disease in Down syndrome.

As the most common human chromosomal abnormality, Trisomy 21 is a condition that many otolaryngologists and likely all pediatric otolaryngologists will encounter during their careers. There are several considerations regarding airway obstruction, otologic conditions, anesthetic implications, and endocrine disorders that will impact the treatment of these patients. Further, there is increasing literature supporting the use of early instrumental assessment of swallowing, drug-induced sleep endoscopy at the time of first surgical intervention for sleep apnea, consideration of concurrent upper and lower airway evaluation, and early otologic management including potential surgical hearing rehabilitation.

The impact of second-hand smoke on ear, nose, and throat diseases and head and neck cancers in Japan: a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire and secondary data from the national health and nutrition survey.

BACKGROUND: The risk of head and neck cancers (HNCs) and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases due to second-hand smoke (SHS) have not been fully assessed. OBJECTIVE: To determine which ENT diseases or HNCs are associated with SHS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from a survey of a cross-sectional sample of ENT patients (n = 1228) on SHS exposure were compared to control-subject data (n = 6598) from a Japan National Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regression and estimated odds ratios (ORs) determined whether SHS-disease associations were related to exposure location and disease occurrence. RESULTS: SHS was significantly associated with acute tonsillitis (OR in workplaces, 2.24 [95% CI, 1.34-3.75]; OR in restaurants, 4.24 [95% CI, 2.50-7.19]; OR in leisure places, 4.72 [95% CI, 2.93-7.62]); recurrent tonsillitis (OR in restaurants, 4.24 [95% CI, 2.52-7.13]; OR in leisure places, 5.29 [95% CI, 3.31-8.46]); facial palsy (OR in home, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.25-3.81]; OR in leisure places, 3.41 [95% CI, 1.97-5.89]); hypopharyngeal cancer (OR in home, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.18-5.36]; OR in workplaces, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.24-5.15]); and laryngeal cancer (OR in home, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.04-5.68]; OR in leisure places, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.00-5.07]). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: SHS may contribute to HNCs and ENT diseases, suggesting that merely being in the presence of smokers could increase the risk of head and neck morbidities.

Otorhinolaryngological Management in Taiwanese Patients with Mucopolysaccharidoses.

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are lysosomal storage disorders wherein glycosaminoglycans accumulate because the enzymes that degrade them are insufficient. The earliest symptoms, which are the main reasons for seeking consultation, are otorhinolaryngological and commonly occur in MPS I, II, IV, and VI. This retrospective study aimed to determine the occurrence of otorhinolaryngological manifestations in MPS patients in Taiwan and to analyze the prognosis of surgical intervention, including its effect on symptoms. Methods: We reviewed 42 patients (30 males and 12 females), with a median age of 20.5 years, who had MPS (16.7% type I, 35.7% type II, 19.0% type IIIB, 21.4% type IVA, and 7.2% type VI). The following otorhinolaryngological manifestations were collected: annual number of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and otitis media with effusion (OME) episodes, adenoid size, tonsillar size, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Results: Among 42 patients, we found recurrent otitis media in 42.9% of the patients, hearing loss in 83.3% (mixed: 52.4%, conductive: 21.4%, and sensorineural: 9.5%), frequent URTIs in 47.6%, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in 35.7%. Moreover, 76% of the patients underwent ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery, including adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, tympanostomy with ventilation tube insertion, tracheotomy, and supraglottoplasty. Conclusions: MPS patients had a high incidence of ENT problems. ENT surgery reduced the severity of hearing loss, degree of symptoms related to upper airway obstruction, and severity of respiratory tract and otological infections of patients with MPS.

Otorhinolaryngology Manifestations of Systemic Illness.

Ear-nose-throat (ENT) manifestations are among the most frequently observed clinical features of systemic illnesses. The patients often present with overt findings of head and neck lesions such as salivary gland swelling or lymphadenopathy. In contrast, patients may present with covert findings of auditory, nasal, and laryngeal symptoms that are less obvious and are often overlooked. Therefore, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion to identify the underlying disease. Early recognition and prompt treatment or referral to specialists may prevent morbidity and mortality. This article discusses various systemic illnesses with ENT manifestations that are commonly encountered.

The importance of early detection of ENT symptoms in mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may present with a wide range of symptoms. In this paper, a detailed characterisation of mild-to-moderate ear, nose nd throat (ENT) symptoms is presented with the aim of recognising the disease early to help reduce further spread and progression. METHODS: A total of 230 cases testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 134 negative controls were recruited for a case-control analysis. Symptoms were analysed using the Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Questionnaire, while other symptoms were investigated by ad hoc questions. RESULTS: Among the study samples (n = 364), 149 were males and 215 were females with age ranging from 20 to 89 years (mean 52.3). Four main groups of symptoms were obtained: influenza-like symptoms, ENT-symptoms, breathing issues and asthenia-related symptoms, representing 72%, 69%, 64% and 53% of overall referred clinical manifestations, respectively. ENT symptoms, breathing issues and influenza-like symptoms were associated with positivity to SARS-CoV-2, whereas asthenia-related symptoms did not show a significant association with SARS-CoV-2 infection after controlling for other symptoms, comorbidities and demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: ENT symptoms are equally represented with influenza-like ones as presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Patients with ENT symptoms should be investigated for early identification and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 spread.

COVID-19 survivorship: How otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons can restore quality of life after critical illness.

Mortality from COVID-19 has obscured a subtler crisis - the swelling ranks of COVID-19 survivors. After critical illness, patients often suffer post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), which encompasses physical, cognitive, and/or mental health impairments that are often long-lasting barriers to resuming a meaningful life. Some deficits after COVID-19 critical illness will require otolaryngologic expertise for years after hospital discharge. There are roles for all subspecialties in preventing, diagnosing, or treating sequelae of COVID-19. Otolaryngologist leadership in multidisciplinary efforts ensures coordinated care. Timely tracheostomy, when indicated, may shorten the course of intensive care unit stay and thereby potentially reduce the impairments associated with PICS. Otolaryngologists can provide expertise in olfactory disorders; thrombotic sequelae of hearing loss and vertigo; and laryngotracheal injuries that impair speech, voice, swallowing, communication, and breathing. In the aftermath of severe COVID-19, otolaryngologists are poised to lead efforts in early identification and intervention for impairments affecting patients' quality of life.

Changes of Laryngeal and Extralaryngeal Symptoms and Findings in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To assess the evolution of laryngeal and extralaryngeal symptoms and findings of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) throughout a 3-month to 9-month treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective Controlled Study. METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven LPR patients and 123 healthy individuals were enrolled from four European hospitals. Patients were managed with a 3-month personalized treatment considering the LPR characteristics at the impedance-pH monitoring. Regarding the clinical therapeutic response, treatment was adapted for 3 to 6 additional months. Symptoms and findings were assessed throughout the therapeutic course with the Reflux Symptom Score (RSS) and the short version of the Reflux Sign Assessment (sRSA). The relationship between patient and reflux characteristics, symptoms, and findings was assessed. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one LPR patients completed the study. LPR patients exhibited more laryngeal and extralaryngeal symptoms and findings than healthy individuals. RSS significantly improved from baseline to 6 weeks posttreatment and continued to improve from 3 months to 6 months posttreatment. sRSA significantly improved from baseline to 3 months posttreatment. No further improvement was noted at 6 months posttreatment for pharyngeal and oral findings. Laryngeal findings continued to improve from 3 months to 6 months posttreatment. There was a significant association between patient stress level and RSS (P = .045). At 3 months posttreatment, 28.1% of patients had high or complete response, whereas 47.1% required 6 months or 9 months of treatment. Overall, 24.8% of patients had an LPR chronic course. CONCLUSIONS: Laryngeal and extralaryngeal symptoms and findings significantly improved throughout treatment in LPR patients. The improvement of laryngeal findings was slower. Regarding the low prevalence of some digestive or otolaryngological symptoms, a short version of the RSS could be developed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1332-1342, 2021.

[Otorhinolaryngological aspects of the disease course in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus]. / Otorinolaringologicheskie aspekty techeniya zabolevaniya u detei, infitsirovannykh virusom SARS-CoV-2.

Recently, almost all over the world attention of doctors and scientists is focused on a new coronavirus infection, the source of which was the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, early diagnosis, including on the basis of symptoms from ENT organs, is crucial. A brief analysis of the available literature on the peculiarities of ENT organs manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is given. It was found out that to date there is very little data on the state of loro organs in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and no data on anosmia in the pediatric population. However, it is in children in the epidemic aspect that early diagnosis of infection and understanding of its key symptoms is of utmost importance.

Imaging features of mucopolysaccharidoses in the head and neck.

Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) involvement by mucopolysaccharidoses is very common, affecting over 90% of patients, and occurs early in the course of the disease. Airway narrowing secondary to glycosaminoglycan deposition results in greatly increased morbidity, mortality and risk of anesthetic complications in these patients. Macroglossia, restricted mouth opening, tracheobronchomalacia, adenotonsillar hypertrophy along with other factors such as a short, rigid and unstable cervical spine, cardiac disease and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections result in a high perioperative mortality and morbidity. Imaging is most beneficial for evaluation of the airway, in particular in patients with obstructive symptoms and prior to intubation. We review the ENT manifestations of mucopolysaccharidoses including airway involvement, otological, oral and dental complications. 3-D reconstructions of the trachea, which is routinely captured on CT imaging of the spine, can be of great value for planning intubation in this patient population.

Updates in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis for the ENT surgeon.

ENT involvement is common in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), particularly in GPA and EGPA. Early recognition and treatment is important for good outcomes, yet evidence suggests that UK ENT surgeons may not consistently recognise the early features of AAV, despite a similar incidence to vestibular schwannoma. AAV is a rapidly advancing field, with significant developments in the understanding of its pathogenesis, classification and treatment over the past decade. Relevant vasculitis mimics are also discussed with a particular focus on the increasing prevalence of vasculitis mimics driven by an increase in recreational cocaine use, as well as the emergence and reclassification of several other vasculitis mimics in the head and neck. This article reviews key recent updates in the vasculitis literature, with a particular focus on those relevant to recognition and diagnosis of AAV for the ENT surgeon. Strengths and limitations of relevant diagnostic testing are discussed, and a method of evaluation of patients with features of AAV presenting to ENT services is outlined.

SCUBA Medicine for Otolaryngologists: Part II. Diagnostic, Treatment, and Dive Fitness Recommendations.

OBJECTIVES: Challenge current practices and misconceptions in treating recreational SCUBA (Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) divers. Differentiate patients who are fit to dive and those with relative and absolute contraindications. Redefine the standard of care for fitness to dive parameters based on the most up-to-date evidence. METHODS: We conducted a review of the available medical and diving literature in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Turkish, and French to determine the degree of evidence or lack thereof behind recommendations for treating SCUBA divers. The databases of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane library, as well as available textbooks, were queried for relevant data. RESULTS: Current recommendations regarding fitness to dive are overly prohibitive given the available evidence. Insufficient evidence currently exists to justify the level of certainty with which some recommendations have been made previously. This is particularly true with regard to postsurgical patients, including those who have undergone stapedectomy or skull base repairs. Updated treatment guidelines, particularly those regarding the timely differentiation of barotrauma and decompression sickness, as well as clearance for return to diving following surgery or trauma, are presented herein. CONCLUSION: Current guidelines for otorhinolaryngologists governing the diagnosis and treatment of SCUBA divers are lacking and in some instances founded on insufficient evidence. We present an up-to-date, comprehensive guide for otorhinolaryngologists to utilize going forward. Laryngoscope, 130:59-64, 2020.

SCUBA Medicine for otolaryngologists: Part I. Diving into SCUBA physiology and injury prevention.

OBJECTIVES: Introduce pertinent self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) physiology and corresponding terminology. Appreciate the scope of diving and related otolaryngological injury. Illustrate pathophysiologic mechanisms for diving injuries. Summarize strategies for ear, paranasal sinus, and lung barotrauma prevention, including medical optimization and autoinsufflation techniques. METHODS: We conducted a review of the available medical and diving literature in English, German, Spanish, Italian Turkish, and French to determine the degree of evidence or lack thereof behind recommendations for treating SCUBA divers. The databases of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane library, as well available textbooks, were queried for relevant data. RESULTS: Divers are subjected to large pressure gradients within the first few meters of descent. This can lead to gas embolism formation as well as barotrauma secondary to gas expansion/compression in potential closed spaces such as the middle ear, paranasal sinuses, and lungs. Physicians can minimize the risk of injury by counseling patients regarding proper equalization and descent/ascent techniques, and optimizing sinonasal and eustachian tube function. The use of decongestants is controversial. CONCLUSIONS: Diving is an increasingly popular sport with predominantly otolaryngologic manifestations of injury and disease. Treating SCUBA divers requires a firm understanding of how physiology is altered underwater. This review presents the relevant background information using illustrations to understand the environmental forces acting on divers and how to prevent injury. Laryngoscope, 130:52-58, 2020.

Cornelia de lange manifestations in otolaryngology: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder. Our goal was to systematically review the literature regarding otolaryngology manifestations of CdLS. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles of otolaryngology manifestations for patients with CdLS. These articles were analyzed, and pooled prevalence was calculated. RESULTS: We analyzed 1,310 patients included in 35 case series and 34 case reports. Hearing loss was present for many patients (27 studies), with sensorineural hearing loss affecting 40.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.3-63.4) and conductive affecting 22.7% (95% CI: 5.7-39.7). Recurrent acute otitis media was the most frequent infectious manifestation, with 56.5% (95% CI: 34.1-78.4) in seven studies, followed by recurrent airway infections with 44.1% (95% CI: 11.0-87.1) in five studies. Forty-nine (49.7%) percent of patients (95% CI: 25.9-73.6) in nine studies had dysphagia, and 76.6% (95% CI: 59.8-93.3) in four studies had some degree of dysphonia. Craniofacial anomalies were reported in 30 studies, with micrognathia (53.1%; 95% CI: 34.1-72.1) and high arched palate (70.6%; 95% CI: 56.5-84.8) commonly reported. Additional physical exam abnormalities reported included those involving: lips (76.8%; 95% CI: 65.3-88.4), dentition (65.1%; 95% CI: 27.2-100), mouth (85.5%; 95% CI: 76.2-93.8), and eyelashes (87.1%; 95% CI: 77.2-96.9). Sleep-disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea affected 25.8% (95% CI: 11.4-40.2) of patients (7 studies). Airway anomalies were reported in 11 case reports. CONCLUSION: This is the first comprehensive evaluation of otolaryngologic manifestations in the CdLS literature. Most reported hearing loss and craniofacial anomalies. Sleep disorders occurred in a minority of patients, whereas airway disorders were primarily reported in case reports. These conditions should be further examined given their potential life-threatening implications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3a Laryngoscope, 130:E122-E133, 2020.

Deep neck infection of dental origin. A case report / Infección cervical profunda de origen dental. Descripción de un caso

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: Al menos el 36% de las infecciones cervicales profundas pueden tener un origen dental. Descripción del caso: Mujer de 44 años que consultó por disfonía de una semana de evolución. La rinofibrolaringoscopia reveló edema aritenoideo izquierdo y parálisis de la hemilaringe izquierda y cuello normal. Se realizó una tomografía axial computarizada, encontrando absceso parafaríngeo izquierdo. Se realizó tratamiento antibiótico sistémico y quirúrgico con cervicotomía y drenaje del absceso en cuyo cultivo se aisló Prevotella buccae. Comentarios: El resultado del cultivo ayudó a establecer el origen dental de la infección. En la historia dental, se encontró una historia de pericoronitis asociada con 3.8. CONCLUSIONES: el diagnóstico del origen dental de una infección cervical profunda se establece mediante la historia dental, el examen oral, la radiología oral y el cultivo microbiológico

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: At least 36% of deep cervical infections may have a dental origin. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 44-year-old woman who consulted for dysphonia of a week of evolution. Rhinofibrolaryngoscopy revealed left arytenoid edema and paralysis of the left hemilarynx and normal neck. A computerized axial tomography was performed, finding left parapharyngeal abscess. Systemic and surgical antibiotic treatment was performed with cervicotomy and drainage of the abscess in whose culture Prevotella buccae was isolated. COMMENTS: The result of the culture helped establish the dental origin of the infection. In the dental history, a history of pericoronitis associated with 3.8 was found. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of the dental origin of a deep cervical infection is established by dental history, oral examination, oral radiology and microbiological culture

Craniosynostosis and ENT.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to review the literature on ENT disorders associated with craniosynostosis (CS), focusing on symptoms, diagnostic work-up, treatment and outcome. METHODS: Publications were retrieved by consulting the PubMed® free search engine of the US National Library of Medicine. The term "craniosynostosis" was combined with the following key-words: ENT, apneas, OSAS, sleep-disordered breathing, tonsillectomy, deafness, hearing loss. RESULTS: The main ENT disorders associated with CS are upper airway obstruction, chronic otitis and hearing loss. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) is present in 7% to 67% of children suffering from CS and mainly results from midface stenosis with narrow nasal and rhinopharyngeal cavities. OSAS is diagnosed on polysomnography and airway obstruction levels are determined on wake or drug-induced sleep endoscopy and on CT or MRI. OSAS treatment can be surgical (mainly midface advancement, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy, tracheostomy) or non-surgical (non-invasive ventilation, nasopharyngeal airway). Hearing impairment is frequently associated with CS. Its main cause is otitis media with effusion (OME) but ossicular malformations and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) are sometimes observed. SNHL is mostly found in Muenke syndrome. In view of the frequency and potential severity of these disorders into account, yearly ENT visits are recommended in children presenting with CS.

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A 17 Year Experience From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan.

Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (GPA) is an uncommon immunologically mediated necrotizing vasculitis affecting the small and medium sized systemic blood vessels. We previously reported our experience with this condition and herein, we document our study findings and compare them to the clinical and radiological findings of various studies from around the world. By doing so we hope to further create awareness of this condition afflicting not only our part of the population but is part of a larger global phenomenon.

Role of Obesity in Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a major public health problem associated with various diseases. Improving obesity control and achieving greater patient satisfaction are critical unmet needs. Various otorhinolaryngologic diseases can have negative effects on quality of life or actual health status depending on their type. Over the past decade, the relationship between obesity and otorhinolaryngologic conditions has been investigated. The purpose of this review was to discuss the relationship between obesity and otorhinolaryngological diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: This is a narrative review on the current state of incidence, effects, and associated mechanisms between obesity and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. In various otologic diseases, otitis media (OM) and hearing loss (HL) are associated with obesity. In rhinologic parts, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were significantly associated with obesity. Most of these diseases are reported to have higher susceptibility and severity as body mass index (BMI) increases. However, the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) was inversely associated with obesity, especially central adiposity. The relevance of obesity in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) and allergic rhinitis (AR) has yet to be clarified, and this remains controversial. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of incidence, effects, and associated mechanisms between obesity and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. Various otorhinolaryngological diseases are related to obesity. As obesity can be a negative risk factor in these otorhinolaryngologic diseases, early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in obese patients will be critical.